The Meaning Of Buhtān In The Qur’an: A Thematic Tafsir Study (Maudhu’i)

Abstract

The term buhtān is one of the expressions used in the Qur’an to describe the act of making accusations without valid evidence, often accompanied by a great lie that shocks the accused. Such behavior is highly detrimental, as individuals are frequently accused of crimes they did not commit. This can lead to division within society and damage a person's dignity. From the Qur’anic perspective, buhtān is not only a form of falsehood but also a major sin that disrupts social order and tarnishes personal honor.  The objective of this study is to explore the context of Qur’anic verses that discuss buhtān according to various Qur’anic commentators (mufassirūn), thereby expanding the understanding of the term buhtān in hopes of encouraging individuals to avoid such behavior. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature study, utilizing primary sources including Qur’anic exegesis (tafsīr), Qur’anic dictionaries, books discussing the concept of buhtān in Islam, as well as relevant journal articles, theses, and dissertations. This study adopts a thematic interpretation approach (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī), which involves collecting all Qur’anic verses related to a particular theme—in this case, buhtān—and analyzing them comprehensively. The focus is on tracing the use of the term buhtān in the context of slander, grave false accusations, and deliberate defamation. The findings indicate that buhtān is a major sin and a reprehensible act that should be avoided due to its severe harm to others. The term appears in several Qur’anic verses with varying contexts, all of which emphasize that buhtān is a grave offense with serious consequences for both individuals and society. Analysis of verses from Surahs An-Nūr, An-Nisā’, Al-Mumtaḥanah, and Al-Aḥzāb reveals that buhtān encompasses accusations of adultery, the spreading of slander, and ethical violations in social and familial relationships. The Qur’an strongly condemns such actions, warning that they will incur a painful punishment.