PENAFSIRAN MAKNA ISRAF MENURUT ASY-SYAUKANI DALAM TAFSIR FATHUL QADIR AL-JĀMI’ BAINA FANNI AR-RIWĀYAH WA AD-DIRĀYAH MIN ‘ILMI AT-TAFSIR

A. Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an tentang Israf Perspektif Asy-Syaukani, B. Analisis Pemikiran Asy-Syaukani tentang Makna Israf dalam Al-Qur’an,

Abstract

This article discusses the interpretation of the term isrāf in the Qur’an, based on the exegesis Fatḥ al-Qadīr al-Jāmiʿ Bayna Fannay al-Riwāyah wa al-Dirāyah min ʿIlm al-Tafsīr, commonly known as Tafsīr Fatḥ al-Qadīr, authored by al-Shawkānī. The purpose of this research is to explore the meaning of isrāf according to al-Shawkānī’s opinion as presented in his work Fatḥ al-Qadīr. This study is qualitative in nature, employing a library research method. Within the discipline of Qur’anic Studies and Tafsir, the research adopts a thematic-figure approach, which is a method that focuses on examining the thought and interpretation of a particular exegete (mufassir) on a specific theme. In this study, the researcher utilizes various sources of information, with Tafsīr Fatḥ al-Qadīr serving as the primary reference, while secondary references include books, articles, journals, and other relevant literature related to the concept of isrāf in the Qur’an. For data analysis, the study applies descriptive analysis, namely presenting and elaborating on al-Shawkānī’s interpretation of isrāf in his Tafsīr Fatḥ al-Qadīr.The findings of this study can be categorized into four main aspects. First, isrāf is understood as a form of disobedience and violation of Allah’s laws, as mentioned in QS Āl ʿImrān: 147, QS al-Mā’idah: 32, QS Yūnus: 12, QS al-Isrā’: 33, QS Ṭāhā: 127, QS al-Anbiyā’: 9, QS Yāsīn: 19, QS al-Zumar: 53, QS Ghāfir: 28, 34, 43, and QS al-Zukhruf: 5. Second, isrāf is interpreted as an act that exceeds human nature (fiṭrah), as explained in QS al-Aʿrāf: 81 and QS al-Dhāriyāt: 34. Third, isrāf also conveys the meaning of shirk (associating partners with Allah), as found in QS Yūnus: 83 and QS al-Dukhān: 31. Fourth, isrāf refers to excessive behavior in managing wealth, as described in QS al-Nisā’: 6, QS al-Anʿām: 141, QS al-Aʿrāf: 31, QS al-Furqān: 67, and QS al-Shuʿarā’: 151.

Keyword: Israf; Fathul Qadir; Asy-Syaukani; a Thematic-figure.